Concrete is porous. It absorbs moisture from the surrounding soil and holds it against the post. In Winnipeg, where we see significant freeze-thaw activity through the shoulder seasons, this causes two distinct problems.
First, the concrete itself freezes and expands. As water in the concrete turns to ice, it expands approximately 9% in volume. This expansion exerts upward pressure on the footing — a process called frost heave. Over several freeze-thaw cycles, that pressure can physically push the post upward, causing it to rise out of the ground, lean, or shift out of plumb.
Second, the concrete traps moisture against the post. For wood posts, this accelerates rot at the base — the most common failure point for traditional wood-post fences. Even galvanized steel posts can corrode faster when moisture is held in constant contact with the metal below grade.